Business & Financial [E-F]
Earnings
Earnings include base pay, premium, overtime and bonuses. They are the total wages and or cash earned within a specific period of time.
Economic Benefit
Measurable benefit not necessarily in the form of cash.
Economic risk
In project financing, the risk that the project's output will not be salable at a price that will cover the project's operating and maintenance costs and its debt service requirements.
Efficiency
Reflects the amount of wasted energy.
Employee Benefits
Forms of compensation (excluding cash) available to employees. Benefits include but are in no way limited to the following: health coverage, vacation, income protection, retirement savings.
Employee Contributions
Payments made by an employee to fund a specific benefit, thereby contributing to or covering the employer's entire cost.
Employees
Employees are persons who are compensated for services performed and whose duties are under the control of an employer.
Endorsement
Also known as a RIDER, this is an amendment made to an insurance contract, which then becomes part of the agreement by expanding or by limiting the existing terms.
Equilibrium market price of risk
The slope of the capital market line (CML). Since the CML represents the return offered to compensate for a perceived level of risk, each point on the line is a balanced market condition, or equilibrium. The slope of the line determines the additional return needed to compensate for a unit change in risk.
Equity
Several definitions: 1) In legal terms, equity came about as a means or righting wrongs not recognized / or provided for under the British Common Law. (2) The word equity is often used to describe ownership in stock or other forms of securities. (3) In terms of accounting, equity may be used to describe the percentage by which a company's assets exceed the company's liabilities. (4) Also, in terms of accounting, equity is used to describe investments of business owners in a business.
Exchange
The marketplace in which shares, options and futures on stocks, bonds, commodities and indices are traded. Principal US stock exchanges are: New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), American Stock Exchange (AMEX) and the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASDAQ)
Exercise
To implement the right of the holder of an option to buy (in the case of a call) or sell (in the case of a put) the underlying security.
Expensed
Charged to an expense account, fully reducing reported profit of that year, as is appropriate for expenditures for items with useful lives under one year.
Expatriate
Also known as an international assignee or international staff, this is an individual who has been assigned to a country other than his or her home base for a period of time.
Expropriation
The official seizure by a government of private property. Any government has the right to seize such property, according to international law, if prompt and adequate compensation is given.
Factor
A financial institution that buys a firm's accounts receivables and collects the debt.
Fail
A trade is said to fail if on settlement date either the seller fails to deliver securities in proper form or the buyer fails to deliver funds in proper form.
Fiduciaries
A fiduciary is a person who has a position of trust with respect to any other person. In employee benefit plans, covered by ERISA, there is a standard of conduct imposed upon such a person.
Finance
A discipline concerned with determining value and making decisions. The finance function allocates resources, which includes acquiring, investing, and managing resources.
Financial analysts
Also called securities analysts and investment analysts, professionals who analyze financial statements, interview corporate executives, and attend trade shows, in order to write reports recommending either purchasing, selling, or holding various stocks.
Firm
Refers to an order to buy or sell that can be executed without confirmation for some fixed period. Also, a synonym for company.
Fiscal policy
The use of government spending and taxing for the specific purpose of stabilizing the economy.
Float
The number of shares that are actively tradable in the market, excluding shares that are held by officers and major stakeholders that have agreements not to sell until someone else is offered the stock.
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