Education [I-M]
Inquiry
Active approach to learning in which students investigate a problem based on a model of scientific inquiry. Students or teachers pose a problem, form hypotheses, collect and analyze data, and compare findings with initial hypotheses.
Interdisciplinary Courses
A process or program designed to answer questions, resolve problems or issues, or examine a topic that is too broad or complex to be dealt with adequately through a single discipline or field of study.
Interdisciplinary curriculum
Applying methods and language from more than one academic discipline to examine a theme, issue, question, problem, topic, or experience. Interdisciplinary methods work to create connections between traditionally discrete disciplines such as mathematics, the sciences, social studies or history, and English language arts.
Intrinsic motivation
Student motivation for learning that comes from internal factors such as curiosity and enjoyment.
Jigsaw
Cooperative learning strategy in which students assume responsibility for teaching peers the elements of a lesson or unit. Students research, prepare, and present topics in small group settings.
Learning
An exercise of constructing personal knowledge that requires the learner to be mentally active rather than passive; interpreting rather than recording information.
Lecture
Teaching method in which the teacher communicates information primarily through oral presentation, with intermittent questions posed to students.
Liberal Education
Program designed to foster capacities of analysis, critical reflection, problem solving, communication, and synthesis of knowledge from different disciplines by providing students with an intellectual and social context for recognizing the continuity between the past and future and for drawing on reason and experience about human nature to develop and question values and to communicate the results of this process of thinking.
Library database
A searchable electronic catalog or index that the library subscribes to, very much like a magazine subscription or cable service. It contains information from print resources such as newspapers, magazines, and reference books.
Literacy
According to UNESCO’s 1958 definition,it is the ability of an individual to read and write with understanding a simple short statement related to his/her everyday life. The concept of literacy has since evolved to embrace multiple skill domains, each
conceived on a scale of different mastery levels and serving different purposes. See Chapter 6 for a detailed discussion.
Literature circles
Classroom organizational strategy designed to facilitate in-depth conversations about literature among students. Literature circles are characterized by student-centered responses to literature, collaborative exploration of a text's themes, and higher-order thinking as students pursue and explore questions and insights about literature.
Manipulative
Any physical object used in the classroom to model a problem or study a concept. A manipulative capitalizes on a student's sensory exploration of concepts.
Measurement
The process of gathering and quantifying information. Assessment occurs when measurements are analyzed according to established criteria and standards of performance.
Metacognition
The process of thinking about thinking. Students assess their current and previous knowledge, identify gaps, and develop a plan to augment current knowledge and a system for assessing learning.
Mnemonic
A technique used to help remember or memorize names or concepts. Mnemonics take a variety of forms, including acronyms, sentences, rhymes or songs.
Modeling
Demonstration of how to do a task so that the learner can copy the model. Modeling can involve thinking aloud or talking about how to work through a task.
Montessori method
Educational system based on the idea that children will develop to their full mental, emotional, and physical potential when given the opportunity to learn and work at their own paces in the ways that best suit them.
Mother tongue
Main language spoken in the home environment and acquired as a first language. Sometimes called the home language.
Multicultural education
Education philosophy and curriculum that expands traditional white Western European curricula, highlighting themes and subjects from diverse cultural, ethnic, racial, and gender perspectives. An important focus of multicultural education is to create equal educational opportunities so that all students can succeed in an increasingly diverse and pluralistic society.
Multiple intelligences
Theory developed in 1983 by Dr. Howard Gardner proposing that traditional ideas of intelligence, largely based on IQ testing, are too limiting. Gardner proposed a range of different intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.
Multicultural education
Course design principle based on the idea that cultural differences has consequences in the classroom, that some difference are privileged over others, and that educational reform is necessary to bring equity into education.
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